Lưu trữ cho từ khóa: Technology

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Blockchain industry must break vendor lock-in for developers’ freedom | Opinion

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No single entity, interest group, or political faction defines (or dominates) the blockchain industry. But despite all differences, positive and negative, there is a shared mission—achieving mass adoption. 

More people, businesses, and communities must benefit from crypto and blockchain tech worldwide. To achieve this fully, anyone should be able to build high-quality dApps and on-chain tools. Devs must have the freedom to express themselves in any language and on any chain. They should be able to build once and deploy anywhere. 

While the recent institutional uptake and political attention might seem exciting, they are mostly driven by vested interests. What’s ‘crypto-friendly now’ does not mean crypto-friendly five years from now, as Vitalik Buterin pointed out. Good dApps, however, are actual manifestations of blockchain’s principles and potential. Once deployed, they can continue serving the community on pre-defined terms enforced by censorship-resistant blockchains—ideally, even when the original creator is not there, as with Bitcoin (BTC). 

Thus, the endgame is empowering developers (and users). No single interest or agenda, political or technological, shall determine the path forward. In its purest form, crypto is an expression of freedom—freedom from intermediaries and censorship, freedom to express through code.

DApps make blockchain real—and valuable

Blockchain tech must solve real, day-to-day problems to transition from speculative adoption to long-term mass/retail adoption. However, the recent spike in financial nihilism and meme coin adoption shows that people care more about speculation than foundational principles. 

Yet speculation without actual underlying value is unsustainable. Only those apps and platforms that generate value through fees, transaction volumes, etc., will still be around in ten years or more. As of August 7, 2024, Uniswap, for example, collected about $13 million in weekly fees—that’s hundreds of millions in annual revenue. With the 10x price-to-earnings heuristic often applied to high-growth tech companies, it seems Uniswap (UNI) $4.5 billion valuation is on par, and the market is pricing it appropriately. 

DApps make crypto or blockchain tech usable for end-users. They bring the power of immutable code—which doesn’t need intermediaries—to the masses. Trading, lending, gaming, rideshares, etc., can all happen without any single entity opaquely and unfairly extracting value. 

Given crypto’s roots in Bitcoin and close proximity to money, finance was the first industry to be disrupted. But the recent rise of decentralized gaming, socials (DeSoc), physical infra (DePIN), AI, etc., on cost-effective and high-throughput chains like Base or Solana shows how the tech has a much wider scope than disrupting financial products/processes. 

That’s why there is a rising demand in the global dApp industry, where daily unique active wallet interactions reached an all-time high in Q2 2024. 

Industry unique active wallets | Source: DappRadar

Landline telephones took 99 years to reach peak adoption. Automobiles took 78. Computers, however, crossed 89% adoption in 24 years. Whereas social media and tablets achieved a similar feat in 14 and 7 years, respectively. 

This shows how newer technologies have achieved majority adoption in significantly less time than their predecessors. But key ‘enablers’ must be present for this, which dApps can be for blockchain tech. 

From user-friendly graphical interfaces to making backend components frictionless/invisible to end-users, dApps are inevitable. And those who say blockchain needs more dApps and less infra are quite right from this view. 

Anywhere, anytime, all at once

As crypto continues to grow, a lot of talented devs have entered the space, including some of the brightest minds from Google, Meta, IBM, etc., like the founding team at Aptos and Sui, among others. Great things have happened as a result. Move rising like a phoenix from Diem’s ashes and SVM from FTX are two prime examples of a new generation of devs picking alternatives to the EVM status quo. Lowering the barriers to dApp development is mission-critical now so more projects can emerge. 

For a long time, the Ethereum Virtual Machine has been the only standard available to blockchain developers. Along with Solidity, the EVM was built to deploy and run custom programs on Ethereum. Likewise, there is  ‘Solana VM’ on Solana, ‘Move VM’ on Aptos or Sui, Web Assembly on Cosmos, etc. Although these are great innovations with many merits, they have caused fragmentation and vendor lock-in. EVM-based dApps can’t run natively on Solana, and SVM-based dApps can’t use Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain, or other EVM-powered platforms.

Meanwhile, deploying dApps on multiple chains is very cumbersome and unfeasible due to high costs. For one, devs have to create and maintain multiple code bases. Thus, truly multi-chain and interoperable dApps take a lot of work to come by. Projects like AAVE or Pancakeswap are exceptions, as they have the necessary resources for multi-chain deployment. However, even for them, innovation in non-EVM code lags behind the EVM code due to high costs and time requirements. Moreover, for end-users, vendor lock-in means they need to use multiple wallets and hold assets from various ecosystems because their favorite dApp, wallet, or token doesn’t support the new chain they want to use. 

Devs want freedom from such walled gardens for the sake of blockchain’s long-term progress if not anything else. They must be able to build an application once and offer it to users across ecosystems, asset classes, and VMs—not just one. Users have a similar need.

Abstracting wallets, chains, and even VMs is a viable solution. It will let developers build dApps on any VM in any programming language and run them on every other chain or VM. That, too, with little or no additional costs and security compromises. 

Further, abstracting away the underlying complexities will allow anyone to build robust dApps with a few clicks. That will change everything. Web3 will mirror web2’s performance and speed after the mass market adoption of container technologies like Kubernetes, which helped get rid of public cloud vendor lock-in. To the extent that builders can utilize different chains/platforms for different aspects of their dApps based on specific needs and demands, such as Solana for high-frequency transactions, Ethereum for settlement finality and data availability, and so on. 

Solving vendor lock-in will improve the developer and end-user experience. Everyone can reap the benefits of the underlying tech stack and that’s the path to mass adoption. More dApps can enter the market than ever before. All of them won’t be great. But the more there are, the higher the chances of finding the next gamechanger. 

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Theo Crypto News

Công nghệ

Applying blockchain to good causes is a must | Opinion

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It’s a sad fact that a disease such as AIDS still carries a stigma that can all too often prevent people from seeking help, information, or treatments that could prevent its spread. Although decades of campaigning and medical research have ensured people in advanced democracies can access regular testing and medications that ensure HIV is barely detectable, other parts of the world aren’t as fortunate.

Last month, at AIDS 2024, the 25th International AIDS Conference in Munich, a number of charitable and medical organizations came together to discuss how the current donation model can be improved so that issues related to privacy, costs, and efficiency aren’t the barriers they currently are.

Take, for instance, the case of a young man in sub-Saharan Africa who might be a member of the LGBTQ+ community and have concerns that talking to doctors or official bodies could lead to people knowing about his status. Even if the doctor he talks to respects patient confidentiality, medical records can be misplaced, and cyberattacks can see personal information leaked to third parties, which would understandably be a genuine deterrent. 

Blockchain as a solution

The Elton John AIDS Foundation has recently started a new donation model using the Partisia blockchain technology that enables smart contract technology to automate the release of funds based on predefined conditions. This ensures money is used as intended, reducing the need for operational oversight. It also eliminates the need for intermediaries, and distributed ledger technology provides transparency whereby every transaction is recorded, reducing the need for third-party auditors to verify that funds have been received and spent as intended. 

In addition to transparency, DLT can facilitate peer-to-peer interactions between donors and recipient organizations, eliminating traditional intermediaries such as transport companies, operations managers, and distributors, who understandably need to be compensated for their time. The elimination of intermediaries can also go hand-in-hand with reduced administrative costs associated with managing and distributing funds, allowing more money to go directly to the intended causes. The elimination of these intermediaries will inevitably make some people worse off as their jobs are no longer required; however, it will create a more streamlined process for donations to be made to those most in need.

More importantly, it enables people to maintain privacy and anonymity where previously it wasn’t possible. Using the blockchain enables people’s identities to be hidden behind a series of letters and numbers that the user controls and are unidentifiable. Granted, there are issues related to the user experience, such as miscopying long addresses or losing the all-important passphrases; however, it does provide a fundamental portal for people in need looking to receive aid. As of 2021, around 78 percent of people in Eastern and Southern Africa living with HIV were on antiretroviral treatment. However, access to antiretroviral treatment can vary drastically by country. New technologies and approaches have the potential to address the current lack of access some people face. Although HIV is usually associated with certain at-risk groups, such as people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, and sex workers, these groups do not account for the majority of new HIV infections in Eastern and Southern Africa. In 2021, around 54 percent of new HIV infections in the region were among the population outside of these key risk groups.

Distribution of new HIV infections in Eastern and Southern Africa in 2021, by population group | Source: Statista 

AIDS is just a disease and can impact anyone; however, prejudices and antiquated thinking have created a toxic legacy whereby people needlessly continue to be infected and die prematurely. Now is the time for fresh thinking on how we tackle this crisis and harness new technologies to educate, empower, and connect people with the resources that would previously been unavailable to them. 

Blockchain is often criticized as a solution in search of a problem or the solution to all problems; although some of its proponents can be overly zealous in their proselytization, its application has enormous potential in regions of the world that have traditionally been excluded from technology and services we take for granted in the advanced economies. Now is the time for policymakers and charities to take a more imaginative approach to how they tackle long-standing problems that have held back progress for decades. Blockchain technology has the potential to eliminate problems related to costs, friction, privacy, and data security. Now is the time to put it to use; the consequences of inaction are simply too high.

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Theo Crypto News

Công nghệ

Blockchain technology is the key to grassroots financial freedom | Opinion

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Traditional finance has produced many good things, like near-instant payments, intuitive mobile apps, etc. But on the flip side, its centralized and siloed infrastructures have created deep financial inequalities across geographical and cultural lines. Roughly one percent of the world’s population owns over $87 trillion in financial assets, i.e., over 43% of the total global financial wealth. More than 63% of their wealth is in financial assets compared to 37% for the majority.

Blockchain can fix this. Grassroots inclusion is the ethos of decentralized wealth-generation protocols and financial networks. But we mustn’t take it for granted. Especially when legacy players like Blackrock, VanEck, etc., are entering the space with a range of centralized products and ETFs.

Institutions wield a two-edged sword

Besides macroeconomic factors like moderating inflationary pressure, exchange-traded funds (ETFs) have been crucial in bringing the bulls back to crypto. The optimism around such developments is understandable. Exposure to blockchain-based digital assets through familiar instruments could provide mainstream users with a stronger impetus to join. 

Could this be the inflection point we’ve been chasing all these years? Yes. Given we don’t inherit persistent problems like high barriers to wealth generation and optimize for inclusion instead. 

One needs a minimum of $2 to $5 million in investable assets to access wealth management firms in the US. Whereas big fund managers like Blackrock exclusively serve high-net-worth individuals with portfolios above $100 million. Only the global financial elite can meet either of these criteria.

It’s unlikely that offering crypto-related products will automatically make established institutions more inclusive. Because the roots of exclusionary business models run deeper than this or that company’s policies or intent. 

Widespread information disparity is inherent to the very structure—centralized and siloed—of traditional financial systems. This evolved over decades and led to an uneven playing field that’s rather challenging to fix. In fact, most attempts at finding viable solutions within legacy financial paradigms have failed so far. For example, the STOCK Act couldn’t stop insider trading by members of the US Congress. No Member of Congress has been penalized under this Act to date, mainly because it’s very challenging to determine the scope of ‘material information’ affecting a given trade, despite centralized ledgers. 

There’s no way such half-baked approaches to ensure a level playing field would work in the user-centric and pseudonymous world of blockchains. However, the underlying tech has unique capabilities to provide equal access for all while supporting fairness natively. 

Wealth and financial freedom for all

Blockchain is one of the strongest wealth and access equalizing technologies since the Internet. It brings novel revenue streams and investment instruments directly to the average user. The peculiar dynamics of the ongoing market cycle are making this clearer than ever. As Mike Mallazo recently wrote:

“The real egalitarian appeal to crypto is not that it will democratize payments—but that a wintergreen ZYN-fueled degenerate in his mom’s basement can outperform an MIT-trained quant who spent a decade at Goldman.”

Institutions have forerun retail users on certain flanks so far. Parallelly, however, grassroots users are also generating life-changing wealth through memecoins, etc. For example, a trader recently turned $2,275 into $2.6 million in about eight hours (not financial advice). It’s rather common these days. 

This has been possible because the entry barriers are very low and almost non-existent. Anyone can start their wealth generation journey with as little as they want. No gatekeepers. No questions. No minimum income requirements. The degen and the prince are practically on the same plane.

Unlike tradfi systems, blockchain-powered financial networks truly offer the underdogs a substantial and fair chance to rise. More so with advanced wealth-generation protocols where an average user can make millions investing alongside top asset managers. 

The emerging social investing paradigm unlocks a meritocratic environment where seasoned investors and amateurs can benefit mutually. While the former can monetize their battle-tested strategies, the latter gets a stress-free means to profit.

It’s also possible to build accessible wealth management systems that support a wide range of asset classes, including meme coins, defi, NFT, RWA, etc. This will further democratize the space and unleash financial opportunities available only to the wealthy elite. 

No matter who or where they are, everyone can become financially free using blockchain-powered tools. Users are the biggest winners in this shift. That’s fairness epitomized. 

Last but not least, robust blockchain-native infra is the way to offset the potential negative impact of widespread institutional adoption. We will fully leverage the upsides of greater institutional participation only when decentralized, community-oriented systems are equally strong. 

It’s a battle of narratives and perceptions, where crypto’s core voice must ring louder than those trying to misuse the tech for selfish interests. ETFs, etc., can bring new users, and that’s great. But native protocols and their communities must set the standards. We mustn’t repeat the historic mistake of exclusion.

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Theo Crypto News

Công nghệ

AI-integrated blockchains can herald development environments | Opinion

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Blockchain is among the most prominent tech buzzwords today, and rightly so. For a technology that started out as a means to democratize user authority in several sectors, blockchain has moved beyond the realm of technical whitepapers to real-world applications impacting several consumer-facing domains. However, with growing demand, its limitations are becoming quite apparent. Not to mention the burgeoning development cost for developers looking to test and build their own networks. So how can the ecosystem make space for the next wave of builders?

Without doubt, as the blockchain skill gap widens globally, it’s up to the ecosystem’s biggest participants to empower builders with simplified production environments. The dominance of a few leading networks has highlighted both the strengths and weaknesses of a one-size-fits-all approach. Which is why we need more developers boldly deploying solutions targeted at specific segments such as financial services, healthcare, gaming etc. 

The blockchain trilemma of scalability, security, and throughput remains, and this is where the integration of on-chain AI holds the key to ensuring networks are more responsive and naturally evolving with user needs. If done right, custom networks can enable alternative blockchain infrastructures to be tailored to the specific needs of different sectors, requiring a trustless system for 100% data privacy, scalability, and speed.

We are already seeing L2s like rollups and side chains provide a practical workaround by processing transactions off the main chain. This significantly increases throughput without compromising the security of the underlying L1. 

Can AI on-chain be the future of low-code development?

AI’s role in blockchain goes beyond just enhancing functionality and efficiency. AI-integrated networks can optimise operations like transaction validation and network security management by dynamically adjusting blockchain parameters in real-time. This ability to predict and manage network load allows for more efficient distribution of transactions across shards or rollups, reducing latency and significantly boosting scalability.

By enabling developers to create their own AI-integrated L1 and L2 solutions, the reliance on major networks can be reduced. Diversifying the blockchain landscape further helps avoid monopolies and fosters a healthier, more competitive environment that spreads out associated risks.

Several platforms have begun to illustrate the benefits of this approach. For instance, L2 solutions like zero-knowledge rollups and optimistic rollups on the Ethereum network have successfully reduced transaction costs and increased throughput without compromising the security of the underlying blockchain. These technologies use complex cryptographic techniques to process transactions off the main chain, demonstrating the potential for scalability and efficiency.

Despite these advancements, integrating AI into blockchain is not without challenges. The computational intensity of AI models, the ethical implications of autonomous systems, and the regulatory hurdles associated with new technologies require careful consideration and proactive management.

All said and done, the future of blockchain technology needs to embrace flexibility, innovation, and, above all, customization. To make this a reality, though, developers, stakeholders, and regulators need to come together to support the evolution of blockchain into a tool as diverse as the industries it aims to transform. This approach will not only solve current challenges but also pave the way for a future where blockchain technology is central to global digital infrastructure, supporting everything from economic transactions to securing sensitive data, all the while maintaining the integrity and efficiency that users demand.

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Theo Crypto News

DeFi

From niche to necessity: Why defi literacy matters | Opinion

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Embarking on a journey into decentralized finance is akin to navigating a new and vast wilderness. Unlike traditional finance, defi offers a platform where everyone can be more than just a consumer; they can be active participants, decision-makers, and even innovators. For novices, this is an exhilarating but complex terrain. Structured education is not just helpful—it’s essential. It functions as a compass in the vast, sometimes perplexing landscape of defi.

The promise and perils of defi

Defi offers the allure of financial transactions without traditional intermediaries, promising greater efficiency and reduced costs. More significantly, it holds the potential to democratize finance. Defi provides essential services directly to consumers through blockchain-based smart contracts in regions where traditional banking systems falter. This empowerment, however, comes with substantial challenges.

Despite the total value locked (TVL) in defi, protocols have experienced massive fluctuations, peaking at over $180 billion in late 2021 and adjusting to market conditions with about $40 billion as of mid-2023, according to data from DefiLlama. This growth signifies a robust engagement, yet a significant gap in understanding persists.

Defi demystified: Mastering the basics

Diving into defi without understanding its foundational technology is like trying to navigate without a map. Structured educational programs help demystify this complex system by teaching the basics of blockchain, cryptocurrencies, and smart contracts in relatable terms. This grounding is crucial as it allows learners to grasp why defi can operate without traditional banks and how it offers enhanced transparency and security. Such knowledge is practical, equipping novices to make informed decisions and effectively manage their digital assets.

Risk management: Navigating safely

Autonomy in defi comes with significant responsibilities. The freedom to make financial decisions also includes the risk of making costly mistakes. Education in this field teaches critical risk management strategies and helps learners understand the volatility of crypto markets. For instance, novices learn about impermanent loss, the importance of due diligence, and how to spot potential scams—common pitfalls in the defi space. This knowledge is vital, as it protects individuals from the financial pitfalls that can occur when enthusiasm outpaces understanding.

Bridging the gap between theory and practice

Understanding defi concepts theoretically is one step; applying them is another. The best defi education bridges this gap through interactive learning—simulations, real-world case studies, and even sandbox environments where novices can practice transactions in a controlled setting. This hands-on approach is crucial for internalizing knowledge. It transforms theoretical understanding into practical skills, enabling learners to engage with real defi platforms confidently and competently.

The collective learning experience

Venturing into defi doesn’t have to be a solitary journey. Structured education often includes access to a community of learners and experts. This network acts as a dynamic support system where novices can ask questions, exchange ideas, and share insights. Such communities enhance the learning experience, keep members updated on the latest developments, and provide a forum for collaboration. In defi, where innovation happens rapidly, being part of a knowledgeable community helps individuals stay agile and informed.

Defi literacy is more crucial now than ever

The urgency for defi education stems from the sector’s rapid evolution and increasing relevance to everyday financial activities. As more financial instruments migrate to blockchain platforms, the line between traditional finance and defi blurs. Individuals who understand defi are better prepared to exploit emerging opportunities in this new financial paradigm.

Moreover, the global nature of defi makes it a powerful tool for financial inclusion. Due to stringent requirements or geographical barriers, traditional banking systems often exclude vast population segments. Defi, accessible to anyone with an internet connection, offers a viable alternative. Education in this sector equips people worldwide with the knowledge and tools to access financial services previously beyond their reach, fostering greater economic empowerment.

The path forward

The future of finance is increasingly decentralized. For novices, entering this new territory equipped with a comprehensive education in defi is not just beneficial; it’s imperative. This education goes beyond mere participation; it’s about thriving in a digital economy where those who understand and leverage defi principles can influence and lead.

Those on the brink of this financial revolution must remember that knowledge is power. In the context of defi, this is literal. Understanding how to navigate this landscape can lead to unprecedented control over your financial destiny. But it starts with education—structured, thorough, and continuously updated to keep pace with defi’s rapid evolution.

Thus, structured defi education isn’t merely about learning; it’s about transforming participation in the global financial ecosystem. It’s about preparing for a future where finance is not only digital but also decentralized, democratic, and diverse. This is why a structured educational approach is indispensable for anyone looking to navigate the promising yet complex world of defi. 

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Theo Crypto News

Công nghệ

Sharding tech makes 100x scalability and seamless interoperability a reality | Opinion

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On the first Prime Day of 2023, Amazon facilitated the sale of 375 million items. Just one store, during one of its busiest days of the year, provides the ultimate convenience for its users—a testament to the decades of infrastructure development in web2.

Contrast this with the never-ending possibilities of a unified web3 ecosystem, which, although spoken of widely, seems increasingly challenging to achieve, characterized by fragmented systems, prolonged transaction times, and prohibitive costs.

Advocates of web3 have long sought to accelerate efforts to mirror web2’s seamless experience and benchmarks. The biggest impediment to this dream is ensuring scalable networks that retain decentralization with growth. 

Enter sharding tech. It has spoken widely and been experimented globally, and now, finally, it is a reality. From what the developer community has seen of it so far, it may well be the messiah the web3 community has been long waiting for. And rightly so!

Sharding tech at work

Let’s accept it. The existing web3 model is relatively slow, inefficient, and costly. It’s difficult to convince the majority of the world’s internet users, let alone companies and even the developer community, to make a fast switch from the simplicity and convenience of web2.

Sharding tech’s newfound emergence now makes it more than an urban myth. While the tech has been spoken of quite a bit by the industry’s titans, the launch of the recent Sovereign Chains is the first-of-its-kind application incorporating this groundbreaking tech. One that is bound to advance the use cases of the top L1s and hundreds of L2s looking to solve for scalability and interoperability. 

At its core, sharding involves splitting the network into smaller, more manageable pieces, maintaining security, speed, negligible costs, and energy efficiency even at times of exponential activity. Theoretically sound, its practical implementation in Sovereign Chains now proves that it can solve web3’s most pressing challenges, in a way that’s economical, developer friendly and extremely resource efficient. This means creating a blockchain capable of 100X scaling compared to Ethereum or Bitcoin, at a fraction of time and energy. 

One of the biggest sectors that will benefit from sharding tech is decentralized finance. It’s no secret that to compete effectively with the current financial system, web3 must offer solutions that are tenfold superior in every measurable way. By deploying sharding tech, it’s possible to ensure that end users not only achieve parity with the legacy system but also enjoy improvements such as globally fair access, open playing fields, transparency, value creation, privacy, and security. 

The tech is built in a way that allows premier defi platforms to no longer be bound by blockchain-specific limitations, enabling interoperability with other defi products on any major chain, eliminating liquidity fragmentation, and unlocking significant capital efficiency improvements.

Beyond defi, the applications of sharding-tech-powered Sovereign Chains extend to gaming, healthcare, supply chain, education, government, and enterprise sectors. In gaming, for example, high throughput and low latency, combined with adjustable transaction fees, enable radically different business models and gameplays. Developers can introduce innovative in-game reward structures, new economies, auctions, time-sensitive airdrops, and more, ensuring seamless user experiences regardless of scale.

Understandably, all this leads to the foundation for the first-ever interconnected web3 ecosystem, inheriting capabilities such as on-chain 2FA, native standards, user-friendly aliases and more, to address critical challenges hindering widespread adoption of web3.

Driving adoption from the ground up

To gain mileage for any major breakthrough in the web3 world, the first step is to take the developer community into confidence. Almost the opposite of how consumer products in the traditional world target end consumers. What’s common, though, is the purpose to simplify people’s lives by acting on the needs of early adopters.

Composability of digital assets and unbreakable security are other key advantages that come with sharding tech’s scalable architecture, enabling developers to focus on innovation rather than infrastructure.

Sharding tech provides a robust and scalable foundation for building the next generation of dApps and interoperability of L2s with major crypto chains like Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Solana. Something that’s much needed for developers to leverage multiple ecosystems’ strengths to create more versatile and powerful products for last-mile user consumption. 

The merging of various chains into an ecosystem goes beyond the traditional bridging of assets. Enhanced smart contract capabilities, custom VM environments, and comprehensive SDKs empower developers to create, test, and launch solutions that natively work on multiple chains more efficiently. This holistic approach lowers barriers to entry, inviting more talent, including the current web2 dev community, to explore blockchain tech without the limitation of past iterations. 

Advancing the case of Sovereign Chains

As the spotlight shines on the need for scalable web3 infrastructure in a world where security and data concerns are fast imploding, expect to see network features such as parallel processing, confidential transactions, or VM-specific improvements that can extend the inherent functionalities.

Achieving the seamless and expansive reach of existing web2 technology while fostering collaboration between chains is an ambitious yet attainable goal. Through sharding technology and the introduction of Sovereign Chains, it is now possible to not just dream but actually build a scalable, secure, and cost-efficient architecture that can support the creativity of current and future web3 developers.

Tổng hợp và chỉnh sửa: ThS Phạm Mạnh Cường
Theo Crypto News